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Personal and territorial scope

Table of contents

Table of Contents

  • Introduction
  • Checklists
  • Guidance
    • General principles
      • Legal framework
      • Individual circumstances
      • Decision-making process
    • ‘Outside the country of origin’: Personal and territorial scope
      • Personal and territorial scope
      • Third-country national
      • Stateless person
      • Importance of determining the country of origin
      • Outside the country of origin
    • Refugee status
      • Persecution and well-founded fear
        • Persecution
          • 1. Is the act a sufficiently severe violation of human rights, taking one of the following forms?
          • 2. Is the act a violation of a non-derogable human right or a sufficiently severe violation of another basic human right?
          • 3. Can the treatment be considered as the accumulation of various measures, the consequences of which would affect the applicant in a similar manner?
        • Well-founded fear
      • Reasons for persecution
        • Race
        • Religion
        • Nationality
        • Membership of a particular social group
          • Common characteristic
          • Perception of distinct identity
        • Political opinion
        • Nexus/(for reasons of)
    • Subsidiary protection
      • Real risk
      • Serious harm
      • Article 15(a) QD
      • Article 15(b) QD
        • Torture
        • Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
      • Article 15(c) QD
        • International or internal armed conflict
        • Civilian
        • Indiscriminate violence
        • Serious and individual threat
        • Life or person
        • Nexus (by reason of)
    • International protection needs arising sur place
    • Actors of persecution or serious harm
    • Protection in the country of origin
      • Actors of protection
      • Quality of protection
        • Effectiveness
        • Non-temporary nature
        • Accessibility
      • Internal protection alternative
        • Safety in a part of the country of origin
        • Access to part of the country of origin
        • Reasonableness for the applicant to settle in a part of the country of origin
      • Unwillingness to avail of the protection of the country of origin
  • Flowcharts
    • Preliminary considerations: personal and territorial scope
    • Persecution
    • Well-founded fear
    • Reason for persecution
    • Subsidiary protection
    • Protection in the country of origin
    • Internal protection alternative
  • References
    • Abbreviations and useful links
    • Other resources
    • Legal references and relevant case-law
      • General principles
      • Personal and territorial scope
      • Refugee status: well-founded fear of persecution
      • Reasons for persecution: race
      • Reasons for persecution: religion
      • Reasons for persecution: nationality
      • Reasons for persecution: membership of a particular social group
      • Reasons for persecution: political opinion
      • Nexus (for reasons of)
      • Subsidiary protection: real risk of serious harm
      • Subsidiary protection: death penalty or execution
      • Subsidiary protection: torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
      • Subsidiary protection: serious and individual threat to a civilian’s life or person by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of international or internal armed conflict
      • International protection needs arising sur place
      • Actors of persecution or serious harm
      • Actors of protection and quality of protection
      • Internal protection alternative

 

Please cite as: EUAA, 'Personal and territorial scope' in EASO Practical Guide: Qualification for international protection, January 2022.

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Legal references Jurisprudence

1967 Protocol to the Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees

Article 2(d) and (f) QD

Convention Relating to the Status of  Stateless Persons, 360 UNTS 117, 28  September 1954

Protocol (No 24) on asylum for nationals of Member States of the European Union

  • ICJ, Nottebohm Case (Liechtenstein v Guatemala), judgment of 6 April 1955, Second Phase, ICJ Reports 1955, pages 23-24 (attribution of nationality)
  • CJEU, X and X v État belge, Case C-638/16 PPU, judgment of 7 March 2017, EU:C:2017:173, paras 49 and 51 (territorial scope of QD)

 

Book traversal links for Personal and territorial scope

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